Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

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Design & Technologies in Sewage Water Treatment Plant

STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) treats sewages produced by numerous companies in order to enhance the quality of wastewater for reuse. Although it performs physical, chemical, & biological procedures for removing the contaminants & producing treated wastewater to make it safe for the environment. View More 

Why Do We Need a STP Water Treatment Plant?

We need STP for cleaning & treating the sewage wastewater before it goes into a natural environment.

However, if the sewage water is released into the water bodies without cleaning or treating then it will pollute the water sources. And then after, it’ll result in killing human beings and spreading diseases. Industrial and commercial establishments are generally needed for treating the sewage based on the quality standards before letting them to the sewar.

The main purpose of installing the sewage treatment plant (STP) in the vicinity is to eliminate the harmful impurities before releasing them into the environment.

There are some treatment technologies available in the market.

Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)

It is a mainly attached growth treatment process. In this process aeration, we have special plastic carriers that provide a surface where bio film can grow. The density of pages is almost equivalent to water and made of polyethylene.

Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)

It is mainly a combination of biological and membrane-based treatment. The membrane has a pore size of 0.03-0.04 micron, which combines micro filtration and ultra filtration. It is the advanced treatment technology for sewage treatment plants.

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) 

It is mainly a fill and draws type treatment scheme for activated sludge systems. In this system, wastewater is added to a single batch of undesirable components and then discharged.

There are other different types of technologies available in the market. The best choice depends upon the source from which wastewater is generated, no—working hours of the plant and other parameters.

Sewage treatment plant suitable for industries:

  • Battery Manufacturing
  • Institutions & Hospitals
  • Food Industry
  • Iron and Steel Industries
  • Electric Power Plants
  • Paper Industry
  • Petrochemical Industry
  • Textile Dyeing

How Does a STP Plant Work?

A Sewage Treatment Plant works mainly in four different stages, there are as follows:

Before being released into the environment or used again, industrial effluent is treated by an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to eliminate pollutants, poisons, and hazardous compounds. The following steps are typically included in the therapy process:

1. Preliminary Treatment
Removes large solids and debris using screens and grit chambers.

Equalization tanks help balance flow and pollution levels.

2. Primary Treatment
Physical separation of suspended solids through sedimentation.

Chemicals like coagulants and flocculants may be added to help solids settle.

3. Secondary Treatment
Microorganisms are used in biological treatment to decompose organic materials.

Common methods include Activated Sludge Process (ASP), MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor), or SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor).

4. Tertiary Treatment
Advanced filtration, activated carbon, membrane systems, or reverse osmosis to remove fine particles, heavy metals, and residual chemicals.

Disinfection using chlorine, UV, or ozone to kill pathogens.

5. Sludge Handling
Sludge generated during treatment is thickened, dewatered, and disposed of or reused safely.

ETPs are essential for treating complex industrial wastewaters, ensuring compliance with environmental standards, and minimizing ecological damage.

1. Preliminary Treatment

In the first stage, the wastewater passes through a process where the coarse solids have been removed by the large filtering screens which help to remove the solid objects.

2. Primary Treatment

In this stage, the sewage goes for the primary treatment, where the heavy solids settle down to the bottom & the lighter solids such as – the grease and oil float on the upper surface. The floating materials and settled solids are removed. And the rest wastewater might be released for secondary treatment.

3. Secondary Treatment

Secondary treatment is performed to remove the suspended & dissolved biological matter from the wastewater. This treatment is performed by the indigenous or water-borne micro-organisms such as protozoa and bacteria that consume the biodegradable soluble impurities like fat, sugar, food waste and detergent. It requires the separation process to remove the micro-organisms from a well-treated water that is prior to release for tertiary treatment.

4. Tertiary Treatment

At the last stage, the water goes for filtration to remove the waste or impurities if they persist from a secondary treatment. This wastewater is chemically disinfected that filters a water completely before discharging it into a natural environment.

Benefits of a Sewage Treatment Plant

  1. It’s one of the proven technologies that offer the reliable performance.
  2. Sewage Treatment Plant preserves the natural environment against the pollution and contamination.
  3. It requires the low maintenance.
  4. Mainly assists to meet the values for emission of the pollutants set via the Government & avoid penalty
  5. STP reduces the risk to environment and public health.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

A Sewage Treatment Plant is a system designed to treat and clean wastewater from homes, buildings, or industries so it can be safely discharged or reused.

Proper sewage treatment prevents water pollution, protects public health, conserves water resources, and ensures compliance with environmental regulations.

An STP works through multiple stages: removing solids (primary treatment), breaking down organic matter using microbes (secondary treatment), and further polishing the water with advanced processes (tertiary treatment).

STPs typically treat domestic sewage (from toilets, kitchens, and bathrooms), and can be designed to handle industrial effluent with suitable pre-treatment.

Yes, treated water can be reused for non-drinking purposes such as toilet flushing, gardening, landscaping, irrigation, and cooling towers.

Key components include screens, grit chamber, sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks, clarifiers, sludge digester, and disinfection units.

Sludge is processed through thickening, digestion (aerobic or anaerobic), and dewatering. It can then be disposed of safely or used as compost or fertilizer after proper treatment.

Regular maintenance is essential. Mechanical parts should be inspected monthly, sludge levels checked weekly, and cleaning schedules followed to ensure efficient operation.